AUTHOR=Singh Dhirendra , Oladimeji-Salami Joy Awulika , Akindele Abidemi James 

TITLE=Unraveling the pharmacological and therapeutic potential of Ranolazine beyond antianginal drug use: a new insight

JOURNAL=Experimental Biology and Medicine

VOLUME=Volume 250 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.ebm-journal.org/journals/experimental-biology-and-medicine/articles/10.3389/ebm.2025.10604

DOI=10.3389/ebm.2025.10604

ISSN=1535-3699

ABSTRACT=Ranolazine (RAN) is an acetanilide and piperazine derivative that selectively blocks the late sodium current in cardiac cells and is prescribed in adults as an add-on medication for the symptomatic management of patients with stable angina pectoris who are insufficiently managed or intolerant of first-line antianginal treatments. RAN was first approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2006 and the European Medicine Agency in 2008 for the treatment of chronic stable angina. RAN has no substantial effect on hemodynamic indicators, including heart rate and blood pressure. RAN also slows fatty acid oxidation, which increases glucose oxidation, lowers lactic acid generation, and optimizes heart performance. Besides its antianginal effect, RAN has recently revealed additional pharmacological properties such as neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, renal protective, cardioprotective, and antidiabetic effects and other beneficial pharmacological activities. We choose to write this current review paper to address the many hidden pharmacological and therapeutic potentials of RAN beyond its antianginal activity.