AUTHOR=Yang Yapan , Tu Runqi , Zhu Lijie , Xu Guian , Yang Tingjie , Li Qingman , Wang Che , Yang Honghui 

TITLE=Association between systemic immune-inflammation index and 10-year risk of cardiovascular disease in the United States (NHANES 1999–2018)

JOURNAL=Experimental Biology and Medicine

VOLUME=Volume 250 - 2025

YEAR=2025

URL=https://www.ebm-journal.org/journals/experimental-biology-and-medicine/articles/10.3389/ebm.2025.10704

DOI=10.3389/ebm.2025.10704

ISSN=1535-3699

ABSTRACT=The relationship between the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and the risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) over the next 10 years in the United States is largely unknown. The aim of this study is to assess the association between SII and 10-year CVD risk. This population-based cross-sectional study included 9901 participants aged between 30 and 74 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2018. The 10-year CVD risk was calculated using the Framingham cardiovascular risk score (FRS). The Pearson test, generalized linear model (GLM) and restricted cubic splines (RCS) were used to analyze the associations between SII and the FRS. Based on the total population, the Pearson test and GLM revealed that there were positive relationships between Ln-transformed SII (Ln (SII)) and the FRS. After adjusting for confounding factors, the odds ratio (OR) for the FRS was 1.52 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.12–2.06) per unit increment in Ln (SII) (P = 0.009). Compared to the lowest quartile (Q1) of Ln (SII), the OR for the FRS in the highest quartile (Q4) was 1.89 (95% CI: 1.20–2.98; P = 0.007). RCS revealed that there was a linear association between Ln (SII) and the FRS (P for non-linearity = 0.972). As Ln (SII) increased, the value of FRS rose gradually (P for overall trend <0.001). However, the relationship between Ln (SII) and FRS showed ethnic heterogeneity. In conclusion, SII exhibits significant associations with 10-year CVD risk as assessed by the FRS. However, this association varies across ethnic groups, necessitating cautious application and further validation.